Less than a month ago we were given the opportunity to sing the same carols that we do every Christmas season. Songs like “Deck the Halls,” “O Christmas Tree,” and “Hark! The Herald Angels Sing” were sung in various contexts. As someone who tends to sing the alto line out of the hymnal, I was reminded this year of the harmonies that are enjoyable to sing. While these are not novel musical ideas, these Christmas songs remind me of the creative elements that can be added to a song’s harmony. While the tenor and bass parts can also have interesting aspects, I primarily discuss the elements within the soprano and alto lines I have experienced singing.
“Joy to the Word” (Tune: ANTIOCH)
When singing “Joy to the World,” I was reminded how contrary motion can add interest solely by being something other than parallel motion. At the start of many phrases in the tune ANTIOCH, the alto line moves contrary to the melody. Instead of descending or ascending in thirds, the alto line has something interesting to do (which is a nice change of pace for the part that often stays on one note for long sections). In addition to the contrary motion in the alto part, it includes a call-and-response echo in the middle of the verse. The tenor and bass parts echo the soprano and alto parts, which creates a nice interaction between the higher and lower voices. Both of these musical elements are not new; however, they are helpful reminders that harmony parts can move against the melody and even happen at a different time.
“Angels We Have Heard on High” (Tune: GLORIA)
The song “Angels We Have Heard on High” uses the tune GLORIA, which incorporates a beautiful trading of melismatic melodies during the refrain. When people sing this song, they are often familiar with the melismatic nature of the refrain, singing many notes with the vowel “o” before the concluding “ia.” Unless one reads from a hymnal or has the harmonies memorized, many people only sing the melody. While the melody is unique with its descending eighth notes, the creative harmony in the alto part creates further motion within the music. The altos begin the descending eighth notes a beat before the sopranos start their descent. The sopranos and altos take turns swapping eighth notes until they come back together at the end of the word “Gloria.” This practice of trading off notes is not unique to this tune, but it is a reminder that harmonies can move at different times than the melody.
Conclusion: A Call for Intentionally Writing Creative Harmony Parts
As I have spent more time reading from sheet music this Christmas season, I am reminded of the unique aspects that hymnals provide for a congregation. Hymnals provide written harmony parts for the congregation. In settings that do not use hymnals, harmonies are often improvised and follow the melody’s contour. Spontaneous harmonization can create beautiful music; however, this has created a practice where harmonies are usually not included in the songwriting process (at least in many cases, they are not written out like they are in a hymnal). This Christmas season, I am reminded that the tune writers also considered the harmony parts in their writing. While these elements, such as contrary motion and call-and-response, are not exclusive to these tunes, the Christmas season brings them back to our attention and draws us into creative expressions. These are just two examples of musical elements that can inspire songwriters to explore beyond writing melodies with chords and lyrics and consider how to incorporate creative harmony parts within their songs.
Note from The Center’s Staff: We hope that this entry (posted well after it was submitted for publication because our season got way too busy!) was a helpful entry that encourages all of us to stop and reflect on our Advent and Christmas seasons. What have we learned? What can we do better next year? Take the time to reflect and give thanks.
Blogger Shannan Baker is a postdoctoral fellow in music and digital humanities at Baylor University, where she recently finished her Ph.D. in Church Music (2022).