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Christmas Tunes: Don’t Forget About the Harmony

Less than a month ago we were given the opportunity to sing the same carols that we do every Christmas season. Songs like “Deck the Halls,” “O Christmas Tree,” and “Hark! The Herald Angels Sing” were sung in various contexts. As someone who tends to sing the alto line out of the hymnal, I was reminded this year of the harmonies that are enjoyable to sing. While these are not novel musical ideas, these Christmas songs remind me of the creative elements that can be added to a song’s harmony. While the tenor and bass parts can also have interesting aspects, I primarily discuss the elements within the soprano and alto lines I have experienced singing.

 

“Joy to the Word” (Tune: ANTIOCH)

When singing “Joy to the World,” I was reminded how contrary motion can add interest solely by being something other than parallel motion. At the start of many phrases in the tune ANTIOCH, the alto line moves contrary to the melody. Instead of descending or ascending in thirds, the alto line has something interesting to do (which is a nice change of pace for the part that often stays on one note for long sections). In addition to the contrary motion in the alto part, it includes a call-and-response echo in the middle of the verse. The tenor and bass parts echo the soprano and alto parts, which creates a nice interaction between the higher and lower voices. Both of these musical elements are not new; however, they are helpful reminders that harmony parts can move against the melody and even happen at a different time.

 

“Angels We Have Heard on High” (Tune: GLORIA)

The song “Angels We Have Heard on High” uses the tune GLORIA, which incorporates a beautiful trading of melismatic melodies during the refrain. When people sing this song, they are often familiar with the melismatic nature of the refrain, singing many notes with the vowel “o” before the concluding “ia.”  Unless one reads from a hymnal or has the harmonies memorized, many people only sing the melody. While the melody is unique with its descending eighth notes, the creative harmony in the alto part creates further motion within the music. The altos begin the descending eighth notes a beat before the sopranos start their descent. The sopranos and altos take turns swapping eighth notes until they come back together at the end of the word “Gloria.” This practice of trading off notes is not unique to this tune, but it is a reminder that harmonies can move at different times than the melody.

 

Conclusion: A Call for Intentionally Writing Creative Harmony Parts

As I have spent more time reading from sheet music this Christmas season, I am reminded of the unique aspects that hymnals provide for a congregation. Hymnals provide written harmony parts for the congregation. In settings that do not use hymnals, harmonies are often improvised and follow the melody’s contour. Spontaneous harmonization can create beautiful music; however, this has created a practice where harmonies are usually not included in the songwriting process (at least in many cases, they are not written out like they are in a hymnal). This Christmas season, I am reminded that the tune writers also considered the harmony parts in their writing. While these elements, such as contrary motion and call-and-response, are not exclusive to these tunes, the Christmas season brings them back to our attention and draws us into creative expressions. These are just two examples of musical elements that can inspire songwriters to explore beyond writing melodies with chords and lyrics and consider how to incorporate creative harmony parts within their songs.

 

Note from The Center’s Staff: We hope that this entry (posted well after it was submitted for publication because our season got way too busy!) was a helpful entry that encourages all of us to stop and reflect on our Advent and Christmas seasons. What have we learned? What can we do better next year? Take the time to reflect and give thanks.

 

Blogger Shannan Baker is a postdoctoral fellow in music and digital humanities at Baylor University, where she recently finished her Ph.D. in Church Music (2022). 

Author – Adam Perez is currently a doctoral student in liturgical studies at Duke Divinity School in Durham, NC.

Launch Event Recap

We began our time together in just the way you might expect for the launch of the Center for Congregation Song: by singing! In fact, singing was the ligature that bound us (and our lovely schedule) together at Harmony!

In the elegant setting of The Room on Main in downtown Dallas, we began in worship with Ana Hernandez. She lead us into contemplation through song—not for turning inward, but for turning and tuning our ears to the beautifully diverse voices around us. Accompanied by simple shruti box or guitar, the breath carried our song together. It was a beautiful microcosm and model for the rest of the weekend.

After opening worship, attendees shared round table discussions where many were able to connect and converse with various affinity groups before heading down to our “Gospel Sing in the Park.”

Main Street Garden Park and the Dallas skyline

Joslyn Henderson leading our song

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Down at Main Street Garden park, Joslyn Henderson lead our worship with songs from across the spectrum of Black gospel music. In the late afternoon light, as dogs barked and city buses bumbled past, it was a deep joy to see so many pause to share in our song. In the late evening, attendees gathered for a relaxed time of socializing and sharing (and in my case, stumble upon some help for a research project—thanks Ben Brody!).

Monday morning we turned our hearts and our hands outward. John Bell lead us in songs and stories about the very real issues of food and justice worldwide. Simultaneously, Kids Against Hunger partnered with us to prepared dry meals for hungry persons around Texas and around the world.

Swee Hong Lim and Cynthia Wilson shared the Plenary Address. Their talks constituted a broader conversation about the relationship between congregational song and culture. On one hand, Swee Hong Lim asked how we, as congregational song practitioners, can prevent “ethno-tourism” and work against a kind of new colonialism enacted through music. Lim also used some examples of fusion musics to highlight the way we often project our own normative values onto what music from ‘other’ cultures should sound like. Likewise, Cynthia Wilson turned her attention to the margins, examining how congregational song can be appropriately contextualized with both the input of the ‘other’ and their full incorporation so as to be agents of transformation. For Wilson, this is especially important as music in the Africana context is part of a rich incarnational theology.

Just before lunch, CCS Director Brian Hehn introduced the mission and programs of the CCS. The guiding postures that pervaded his presentation included ‘conversations’ and resourcing. The afternoon practitioner talks also highlighted the practice of conversing or sharing over topics that can sometimes be either difficult, such as across lines of race and culture, or even taboo, like the struggles in one’s faith or spirituality.

After lunch, the community was graced by shorter talks from four excellent practitioners, Father Ray East, Amanda Powell, Jan Kraybill, and Tony Alonso. Each encouraged the group to push past norms and common boundaries: from using the Organ as an anti-bullying tool to bringing rap music and poetry more fully into realm of urban Christian ministry. We concluded the time with a panel discussion that included all the presenters. Questions related to music, songwriting, and pastoral concerns extended the groups conversation. The event closed with another contemplative time of singing and listening under Ana Hernandez’s leadership.

The world was a better place this morning thanks to your efforts.  Every segment of the launch was highly professional, inclusive, and engaging.  At no time was I tempted to sneak out for a nap or a bit of shopping!  My choir got a taste of paperless singing today and they were so excited!  One girl exclaimed, “Wow! this is so creative!” – Nancy Graham, Memphis, TN

 

Continuing the Conversation: Dissonance?

Over the course of the weekend at the launch event, “Harmony,” I found myself stuck on a phrase that was used by a few of the presenters as they reflected on their hopes for the future of congregational song. It’s a great one, really—eminently tweet-able. One that seems to bring together so much of religious life and experience. It goes something like this, ‘We need to be writing congregational songs that people will be singing on their deathbeds.’ The sentiment is well taken: we need to write songs (or ‘hymns’ if you prefer) that persons and communities can carry with them through their whole lives, ‘even unto death.’

The challenge is daunting. Many have asked the question over the years, ‘what is it that makes a text or text-tune pairing so long-lasting?’  It’s not like there is a formula for generating that je ne sais quoi—the one we find in songs like “Amazing Grace,” or “It is Well/When Peace, Like a River.” Of course, those two examples do share a certain comforting quality that makes them especially fitting for the harder times of life and it goes without saying that songs of comfort are especially fitting for those deathbed moments. But to take the commendation seriously, is the ‘deathbed’ the norm by which we should measure congregational song?

The other end of the spectrum seems to have been expressed by John Bell as he introduced the “Serve and Sing” session. Bell remarked upon the fact that we North Americans have very few songs that address the occasion for which we were gathered that morning: to address the problem of lack of food, rather than its bounty. Why is this the case?

In my ears, Bell’s reflection and lament about the state of song stood in stark contrast to the other laments about the (perceived lack of) longevity of song. While others seemed to be asking for songs that would transcend time and space, Bell seemed to be asking for songs immanently and intimately tied to lived experiences and issues of justice. Should this be the norm by which we measure congregational song? Can the transcendent and immanent co-exist? Can we ‘have our cake and eat it too?’

Okay, I know I’ve probably taken the sentiment farther than they intended, but I think it sheds a discerning light on our imagination of the ‘future’ of congregational song that we reflected on so richly at Harmony. It comes together, I think, around regular theme from the event: the power of story. One important reason those above-mentioned songs are so comforting at the bedside of the ill or distressed is that those same songs have been with us in those places before. Those songs not only have their own stories of comfort in the face of fear and distress, but we have woven our stories into them too. In some sense, the songs about hunger and justice are also part of stories and narratives in which we are involved. We must weave our diverse experiences of want for justice and plenty in the kingdom of God with those for whom food itself engenders this sentiment. The song can then become part of the script in our inclusive drama of life, death, deep hope, and justice in the kingdom of God.